How Printed Circuit Board Is Made

improvement methods for PCB short circuit

The PCB is short-circuited, the main reason is that the film line is scratched or there is garbage jam on the coated screen. The coated anti-plating layer is exposed to copper and the PCB is short circuited. The improvement is as follows introduced in the article.

Introduction about Immersion gold PCB

In the surface treatment of circuit boards, there is a very common process called immersion gold PCB. The immersion gold process is to make the nickel-gold plating with stable color, good brightness, smooth plating and good solderability on the surface of the printed circuit board of the PCB. After adding sunken gold, the PCB shows a golden yellow color. This color is more golden than the gold-plated color. Because the sunken gold is brighter and more beautiful. It also looks very comfortable, and customers will be more satisfied with our products. The characteristics are summarized as follows in article.

Introduction about multilayer PCB

The double-sided circuit board is the middle layer of dielectric, and both sides are trace layers. A multi-layer circuit board is a multi-layer wiring layer. Between each two layers is a dielectric layer, which can be made very thin. The multilayer circuit board has at least three conductive layers, two of which are on the outer surface, and the remaining layer is synthesized in the insulating board. The electrical connection between them is usually achieved through plated through holes on the cross section of the circuit board.

How to choose a good PCB manufacturer

As we all know, there are many common quality problems of circuit board manufacturing, such as short circuit and open circuit, detached pad, poor soldering, etc., so users prefer to choose those with high production quality when choosing a circuit board manufacturer, so as to save a lot of trouble. So what are the factors that determine the high quality of printed circuit board manufacturers?

The roots of layer misregistration in multilayer PCB manufacturing

With the development of the PCB board to a high level and high precision, the alignment accuracy requirements between the layers are becoming more and more strict, and the problem of the deviation of the PCB layer is becoming more and more serious. There are many reasons for PCB board layer deviations in circuit board factories. Now we share with you a few main influencing factors of layer devistion or layer misregistration.

How to protect flexible circuit board

Due to the flexibility of the FPC flexible circuit board, it is easy to break when subjected to pressure, so FPC protection requires some special methods as introduced in this article.

How to use PCB via holes

In high-speed PCB design, seemingly simple vias also often bring great negative effects to circuit design. In order to reduce the adverse effects caused by the parasitic effects of vias, in the design, you can do as much as possible as shown in the article.

What is the PCB quality requirements from PCB manufacturer

The quality of the PCB factory is the quality level of the PCB product, which is a collection of quality, reputation, responsibility and culture. PCB factory requirements usually have the following aspects in the article.

Introduction about high frequency PCB laminates

When selecting the substrate used for high-frequency PCBs, special consideration should be given to the change characteristics of the material DK at different frequencies. As for the requirements that focus on high-speed signal transmission or characteristic impedance control requirements, the focus is on the DF and its performance under conditions such as frequency, temperature and humidity.

What is the difference between positive film and negative film in PCB manufacturing

Negative film of PCB circuit board: It is generally the tenting process we talk about.The chemical solution used is an acid etching negative film because after the negative film is produced, the desired circuit or copper surface is transparent, and the unnecessary part is black. After exposure through the circuit process, the transparent part is chemically hardened due to the exposure of the dry film resist to light.The subsequent development process will wash away the unhardened dry film, so only the dry film washout is bitten during the etching process Part of the copper foil (the black part of the negative), and the dry film is not washed out. It belongs to the line we want (the transparent part of the negative).

Methods for quickly detecting PCB board failures

Making a PCB board is not a simple process to complete the board, just drill a hole and put the components on it. PCB production is not difficult, the difficulty lies in the troubleshooting after the completion of the production. Whether it is an individual enthusiast or an industry engineer, it is quite a headache for the PCB board to encounter problems during debugging, just like a programmer encounters a BUG.

The major inspection methods in PCB fabrication

In the process of PCB board manufacturing, in order to ensure the production quality of PCB boards, PCB manufacturers usually use a variety of detection methods for different PCB defects in the production process, include: 1. Manual visual inspection of PCB board. 2. Online test of PCB board. 3. PCB board function test. 4. Automatic optical Inspection(AOI). 5. Automatic X-ray inspection. 6. Laser detection system. 7. Size detection.

Introduction about heavy copper PCB with high TG

When the temperature of a high Tg heavy copper PCB rises to a certain area, the substrate will change from "glass state" to "rubber state". The temperature at this time is called the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the plate. That is, Tg is the maximum temperature (° C) at which the substrate remains rigid. In other words, ordinary PCB substrate materials not only produce softening, deformation, melting and other phenomena at high temperatures, but also manifest in mechanical, A sharp drop in electrical characteristics.

PCB size in PCB design

The design of PCB prototype processing size is mainly considered from the perspective of the device. There are two main situations: one is that there is no limitation of the chassis, and the design is stopped according to the given size; the other is to design on the basis of the selected chassis The size of the circuit board. The first of these two situations is easier to complete, and the second requires designers of PCB proofing to stop comprehensive thinking and accurate measurement of the case size.

The features of printed circuit boards for medical industry

Among all medical PCB boards, FR-4 is the most widely used. For medical PCB design, the choice of FR-4 sheet will vary according to the positioning of its own products and the control of raw material prices. For large hospital institutions, it is necessary to choose reliable medical PCB circuit board manufacturers.

The difference between solder mask and paste mask

In the PCB design, basically design engineer need to make two layers with solder mask layer and paste mask layer, the following is a brief description about the difference between these two types of layers.

How to do PCB soldering by manual

Manual soldering of PCB boards is very simple for engineers who often solder, but it may be difficult for people who have not soldered, especially if the soldering is wrong, If you want to remove it, it will be more troublesome. When you encounter some PCBs with poor quality, the chance of the pad falling off is very high.

What is high frequency PCB

Definition of high-frequency pcb board made by circuit board. High-frequency board refers to a special circuit board with high electromagnetic frequency, which is used in the field of high frequency (frequency greater than 300MHZ or wavelength less than 1 meter) and microwave (frequency greater than 3GHZ or wavelength less than 0.1 meter) PCB is a circuit board produced on microwave substrate copper-clad board using part of the process of ordinary rigid circuit board manufacturing method or using special processing methods. Generally speaking, high-frequency boards can be defined as circuit boards with frequencies above 1GHz.

Why to use SMT technology in PCB assembly

Why to use SMT technology in PCB assembly? The pursuit of miniaturization of electronic products, the previously used perforated plug-in components have been unable to shrink, The functions of electronic products are more complete etc..

The main types of PCB profile

The process of PCB profile is to cut PCBs from working panel to be set or individual Pcs according to customer’s requirement, normally there are three types of PCB profile in PCB manufacturing process, the most popular one is milling, also known as routing, the second one is V-Cut, and the third one is punch.

How to solve the warpage issue of PCB board?

Warpage in the manufacture of printed circuit boards can cause inaccurate positioning of components; when the board is bent in SMT and THT, the components are not properly inserted, which will bring difficulties to assembly and installation work.

What's impedance control in PCB manufacturing

In circuits with resistance, inductance, and capacitance, the impediment to alternating current is called. Impedance is usually expressed by Z, which is a complex number. The real part is called resistance, and the imaginary part is called reactance. Among them, the obstruction effect of capacitors in the circuit on alternating current is called capacitive reactance, and the obstruction effect of inductances in the circuit on alternating current is called. For the inductive reactance, the blocking effect of the capacitor and the inductance on the alternating current in the circuit is collectively called reactance. The unit of impedance is ohm.

What is AOI and IPQC in PCB manufacturing process

The PCB manufacturing process is long, and each process requires strict inspection (IPQC: Input Process Quality Control). There are three stages that must be tested:

What is PP(Prepreg) and core in PCB manufacturing

Prepreg is a thin insulating material of PCB. Prepreg is not prepreg before being laminated, also known as prepreg material, which is mainly used for the bonding material and insulating material of the inner conductive pattern of multilayer circuit board. After the Prepreg is laminated, the semi-cured epoxy resin is squeezed out, starts to flow and solidifies, bonding the multilayer circuit boards together and forming a reliable insulator. Core is the basic material for making printed circuit boards. Core is also called the core board, has a certain hardness and thickness, and double copper. Therefore, the multi-layer PCB is actually formed by pressing the Core and Prepreg.

The difference between Rigid PCB and Flex PCB

Both rigid circuit boards and flexible circuit boards have similarities and differences before. For the flexible circuit board, the application of the rigid circuit board is more extensive. Because the rigid circuit board appeared earlier, most of the design elements of the rigid circuit board have been applied to the design of the flexible circuit board. What is the difference between flexible circuit boards?

The important notes for flexible circuit board assembly

In recent years, flexible circuit boards (FPC) have become one of the fastest growing sub-sectors in the printed circuit board industry. What issues should be paid attention to when soldering flexible boards?

The major difficulties to manufacture multilayer PCB

Compared with traditional PCB products, high-end multilayer PCBs have the characteristics of more board thickness, more layers, dense lines, more through holes, large unit size, and thin dielectric layers. This article briefly describes the main processing difficulties encountered in the production of high-level multilayer PCB, and introduces the control points of key production processes for high-level mutilayer circuit boards for reference.

How to calculate the price of PCB prototype

PCB prototype charges are generally based on engineering fee + pcb board fee + e-test fee + film fee. Generally, there is no e-test fee for PCB prototype. Film fees depend on the PCB factory's process. Some factories do positive film technology and do not charge film fees. Some negative film factories charge film fees.

What is double sided PCB

There are two sides of copper layer for double sided layer and it's connected by plated through holes(PTH), the double sided “PTH” (plated through holes) PCB is the universal workhorse of the electronics industry.

The difference between coil PCB and module PCB

The so-called module board is a set of units that can achieve a certain function. If these modules are individually made into boards, they will become module boards. In comparison, the coil PCB is more portable, and has a small size and light weight, with an openable coil, easy access, and a wide frequency range. From the drawing, there is a clear difference between the coil PCB and there are many windings like fingerprints.

The function of each layer in PCB design

The function of each layer in PCB design, defined layers include signal layer, protection layer, silkscreen layer, inner layer, drill layer, keep-out layer, drill drawing layer etc.

The introduction for 4 types of flexible circuit boards

The introduction for 4 types of flexible circuit boards, include: Single-sided flexible circuit board, Double-sided flexible circuit board, Multi-layer flexible circuit board and Rigid-flex circuit board.

Introduction about the technology of BGA assembly

BGA IC is a type of large-scale integrated circuit, mainly developed for small electronic products. Because its pins are located at the bottom of the IC, although it can save most of the space, it is very easy because its pins are very dense Causes virtual welding. Desoldering. The failure rate is fairly high. Now some maintenance personnel, especially those who are new to this industry, have a headache for it. Below I will introduce the BGA welding method in detail.

Introduction about single-sided and double-sided Flexible PCB

Introduction about single-sided and double-sided Flexible PCB, there are different types of single-sided flexible pcb and double-sided flexible PCB in manufacturing, the articles will introduce them in details..

What are the main factors for PCB manufacturing？

At present, there are many types of PCB boards, such as high-frequency PCB boards, microwave PCB boards and other types of printed circuit boards have already gained a certain popularity in the market. PCB board manufacturers have specific processing technology for various board types. But in general, the PCB circuit board processing and production needs to consider three major aspects.

Why immersion gold PCB is more popular than gold plated PCB?

Nowadays immersion gold is used widely in PCB manufacturing, compared with gold plated PCB, immersion gold PCB is much more popular, the reasons as below

The advantage of Rigid PCB

After the electronic equipment adopts the printed circuit board, due to the consistency of the similar printed circuit boards, the error of manual wiring is avoided, and the automatic insertion or placement of electronic components, automatic soldering, and automatic detection can be realized to ensure the quality of the electronic equipment , Improve labor productivity, reduce costs, and facilitate maintenance.

PCB Assembly

The rules to manufacture flexible printed circuit boards

In the production process of Flexible printed circuit boards, in order to save costs, improve production efficiency, and shorten the production cycle, they will panelization production instead of single-piece production. In flex pcb panelization, several principles need to be followed.

The advantage of flexible PCB

The advantages of flexible circuit boards include: small in size and light in weight, can move, bend and twist, has excellent electrical properties, dielectric properties and heat resistance, has high assembly reliability and assembly operability, can be installed in three positions, conducive to thermal diffusion, Low cost, Continuity of processing.

The difference between prepreg(PP) and core

Prepreg (PP) is a sheet of insulating material for PCBs. Before being laminated, and is mainly used as a bonding material and insulating material for the inner conductive pattern of a multilayer printed circuit board.

What is DFM (design for manufacturing) in PCB industry

Printed circuit board assembly processing (hereinafter referred to as SMT) The design of printed circuit boards is one of the important components of SMT patch assembly technology. The design quality of the printed circuit board is an important symbol to measure the technical level of surface assembly, and it is one of the primary conditions for ensuring the quality of surface assembly.

What is PCB panelization

This article mainly discusses how to optimize the size of the panel by controlling these influencing factors under the premise of meeting the PCB and PCB assembly process requirements in the process of panel design, so that it can produce high plate utilization when forming PCB production panels Rate and suitable production panel size, so as to obtain a lower PCB quotation.

Introduction about LED PCB assembly

LED PCB assembly Refers to the assembly of LED chips on the PCB board, and because its shape resembles a strap, it is called an LED hard light bar.

The introduction about Fiducial Mark on PCB

People all know that when we get the PCB boards from the PCB factory, we need to mount the components. Nowadays the components are mounted by assembly machine (SMT). The Fiducial Mark point will be used in SMT process.

Introduction about PCB assembly technology

Surface Mounting Technolegy (SMT) is a new generation of electronic PCB assembly technology that will use traditional electronic components. The device is compressed into a device with a volume of only a few dozens, thereby achieving high density, high reliability, miniaturization and low cost of electronic product PCB assembly. This miniaturized component is called: SMY device (or SMC, chip device). Assemble components for printing. The process on (or other substrate) is called the SMT process. The related assembly equipment is called SMT equipment.

The factors to affect PCB price

The PCB price is affected by many factors, it includes: Different materials, The different production processes, Different difficulties of PCB itself, Different customer requirements, Different PCB manufacturers, Different payment methods etc.

The PCB files required for manufacturing

Most PCB design engineers are used to designing PCB files and sending them directly to PCB factories for processing. The most popular practice in the world is to convert PCB files into GERBER files and drilling data and then submit them to PCB manufacturers, why it's necessary to do in this way?

Orders & Quotes Related

What information is required for a PCB quote? A: Please use Gerber data, PCB fabrication notes and array drawing data when you request a quote. This will give you an accurate quote in a short period of time.

Introduction about PCB SMT technology

SMT technology is surface mount technology (Surfacd Mounting Technolegy referred to as SMT) is a new generation of electronic assembly technology, it will traditional electronic components Compressed parts become only a few tenths of the volume, thus achieving high density, high reliability, miniaturization and low cost of electronic product assembly, And the automation of production.

Introduction about via in pad PCB

PCB using resin plug holes This process is often because of BGA parts, because traditional BGA may do VIA between PAD and PAD to the back to route, but if the BGA is too dense, VIA When you can't go out, you can directly drill holes from the PAD to go to another layer, and then fill the holes with resin to form copper plating to become PAD, also known as the VIP process (via in pad). If you only do vias on the PAD without using resin plug holes, it is easy to cause tin leakage and lead to short circuit on the back and empty welding on the front.

The material used in PCB manufacturing

Printed circuit boards will appear in almost every electronic device. It is the carrier of all electronic devices. There are PCBA everywhere in the computer, from small household appliances in daily life to automotive electronic devices. PCB boards are indispensable. Applications. So what materials are needed in the manufacturing process of the circuit board? Let's understand together.

What is the PCB via holes

The small holes on the PCB are vias, used to connect electrical signals from one layer to another.The holes on the pcb board can be divided into three types, screw holes, conductive holes, plug-in holes. The screw holes are used for fixing. Conductive holes (also called over-electric holes) are used to conduct electricity just like wires. The plug-in hole is of course used to insert various parts, such as diodes, transistors, capacitors, inductors and so on.

Introduction about the aluminum led PCB

The PCB boards used in LEDs are generally aluminum substrates. Why do LED chip processing choose aluminum substrates? What are the advantages and disadvantages of aluminum substrates? This article will introduce in details..

The types of fiducial mark in PCB design

Article is about the classification of fiducial Mark points in PCB design, and PCB design instructions and size requirements, you'll find useful information in this article for PCB design.

The advantage of 1 layer PCB

1 layer PCB is widely used for consumer electronic, normally it requires large volume in the worldwide market but also requires lower cost, it doesn't require high level of technology to manufacture 1 layer PCB. There are lots of advantage for 1 layer PCB, the first one is low cost, basically the price of 1 layer PCB is the cheapest in PCB manufacturing industry, so it's popular to be used on several low-end industry.

The method of optimizing defect rate for Automotive PCB

Among the key applications of PCBs today, automotive PCBs occupy an important position. PCB copy board, but due to the special working environment, safety and high current requirements of the car, it has higher requirements on PCB reliability and environmental adaptability, and the types of PCB technology involved are also wide, which is for PCB companies. It is a challenge; for manufacturers who want to develop the automotive PCB market, more understanding and analysis of the new market is needed.

The selection of FR4 laminate material

There are many brands of FR4 material in the market, some brands are popular and used widely, customers can select the suitable FR4 material by themself. What kind of laminate is also related to your product. Some high-end products need to use good laminate, and some low-end products don't need such good laminate.

The design rules of copper pad in PCB manufacturing

The two ends of the chip components are not connected to the plug-in components. Test points should be added. The diameter of the test point is equal to or greater than 1.8mm to facilitate online tester testing. If the IC foot pads with dense foot pitch are not connected to the hand-insertion pads, the test pads need to be added. If it is a SMD IC, the test point cannot be placed in the SMD IC silk screen. The diameter of the test point is equal to or greater than 1.8mm to facilitate online tester testing.

What is the structure of multilayer PCB

Generally speaking, the multi-layer PCB board is formed by laminating and pressing a core board and a prepreg. The core board is a hard, specific thickness, two-coated copper plate, which is the basic material for the printed board . The prepreg constitutes the so-called wetting layer, which plays a role of bonding the core board. Although it also has a certain initial thickness, its thickness will change during the pressing process.

What is a flex pcb (FPC) cable

Speaking of the FPC flexible board cable, you must know or be familiar with what the flexible board is? FPC can be divided into many types according to function, such as FPC antenna, FPC touch screen, FPC capacitive screen, etc. FPC cable is one of them. Popularly speaking, FPC cable is a cable group that can be bent to a certain extent.

Introduction about the parameter of PCB laminates

Copper clad laminate: abbreviated as CCL by printed circuit board factory, or laminate. This article introduce about the various parameter of laminate, like Tg, CTI, CTE, TD, CAF, DK, DF, OZ etc.

What is BGA in PCB assembly

BGA is a packaging method. The full name of BGA is Ball Grid Array. With the continuous development of electronic technology in the 1990s, the IC processing speed has also continued to increase. The number of I / O pins on integrated circuit chips has increased. Continuous improvement, all levels of elements clearly put forward higher regulations on IC packaging, and in order to consider the development of electronic equipment towards miniaturization and precision, BGA packaging has been released and put into production.

Introduction about PCB assembly machine

Introduction about PCB assembly machine, include: SMT solder paste printing machine, SMT placement machine, SMT reflow soldering machine, DIP wave soldering machine, PCBA testing equipment etc.

Introduction about via plugged with solder mask ink

In double-sided and multi-layer PCB boards, in order to connect the printed wires between the layers, a common hole is opened at the intersection of the wires that need to be connected, but pay attention to the outer diameter of the hole and the size of the hole This is a via, also known as a metalized hole. There are three types of via processing methods: via solder mask opening, via ink cover, and via ink plugged. Let's talk about the definition of via plug ink.

How to select a PCB assembly manufacturer

PCB assembly processing is a very complicated step. From PCB manufacturing to assembly machine and software, each department must cooperate and cooperate with each other. Whether the factory has the overall strength of commodities, the professional level is especially critical.

Instruction about PCB surface finish

There are several different surface finish in PCB manufacturing, customers can select the one which most suitable their products, we introduced a few types as following: HASL hot air leveling, Chemical Nickel Gold (ENIG), Gold plating, ENEPIG etc.

What is single sided PCB

Single sided PCB is the most simple products in PCB industry, it has only one copper layer and there is no plated through holes, the components are on one side, conducting traces are on the other side.

Why PCB need to be baked

Everyone who is engaged in the PCB manufacturing industry knows that copper-clad boards are covered with a piece of copper foil on the insulating material, and then baked. If you look closely, you will see that there will be shrinkage during the drying process, and stress in all directions will be generated. This is the source of the stress. Secondly, the purpose of the baking board before the PCB drilling is actually dehumidification. In order to remove the moisture in the board and reduce the internal stress; there is also printing resistance welding after the pressing, including characters, etc., need to be baked. There is also a baking platen process before shipping and packaging, which is also to remove moisture. The baked plate has a relatively large improvement in warpage.

What is the pcb assembly process

What is the pcb assembly process？The basic process components of SMT include: screen printing (or dispensing), placement (curing), spi, reflow soldering, cleaning, testing, and repair.

The advantages of Aluminium PCB

Aluminum PCB substrate is a new type of heat sink metal plate, which is different from the traditional heat dissipation metal plate. The inherent characteristics of the aluminum substrate can minimize the thermal conductivity, so that more heat can be discharged to the maximum extent Cooling effect. The aluminum substrate is mainly composed of three parts, namely a circuit layer, an insulating layer and a metal layer, and a double panel is used in some high-end aluminum substrate designs.

What's flex PCB stiffener

The stiffener on the FPC is generally equipped with a layer of thermosetting glue. The thermosetting adhesive is solid at normal temperature and has no viscosity, but when the temperature rises to a certain level, it will change to a semi-cured state with strong viscosity.

The main reasons of poor soldering in PCB assembly

Everyone knows that the pads of PCB board is not easy to solder , which will affect the component chips, which indirectly causes the subsequent test to not work properly.

The difference in manufacturing FR4 PCB and Aluminum PCB

When drilling aluminum PCB substrates, you can choose two drilling methods. One is to drill with a CNC drilling machine, but it is particularly easy to burn the spindle. The advantage of drilling with the drilling machine is that the hole wall drilled is particularly smooth, without burrs, and the accuracy is high. The second type can be drilled with a gong machine, but it is easy to have burrs, and the precision is not so high, it is easy to drill, so the cost of the aluminum substrate is higher than that of the FR4 PCB.

Why Rogers 4350 PCB is used

The choice of PCB laminate must strike a balance between meeting design requirements, mass production, and cost. In simple terms, the design requirements include electrical and structural reliability. This board problem is usually more important when designing very high-speed PCB boards (frequency greater than GHz). For example, the material of FR4 is now commonly used, and the dielectric loss Df (Dielectricloss) at a frequency of several GHz will be large, which may not be applicable.

The thermal conductivity of Metal core PCB/Aluminum PCB

The thermal conductivity of the led aluminum PCB is related to the insulating layer inside the aluminum substrate (usually PP, with thermal adhesive, etc.). It is one of the three major standards for measuring the quality of the aluminum substrate (thermal resistance value and pressure resistance value are the other two Performance).

What's the difference between Flex PCB and Rigid PCB

FPC is a kind of printed circuit board, which is called flexible circuit board, and we call it FPC PCB board. FPC usually uses PI as the base material, which can stop bending and flexing at will. PCB is a so-called rigid circuit board, which is usually called a hard board. Generally, FR4 is used as the base material, and it cannot be bent or flexed. The FPC flexible circuit board is used in the link that requires repeated flexing and some small parts. The PCB rigid circuit board is often used in some centers that do not require bending and are relatively hard.

What is HDI PCB

HDI PCB is a type of printed circuit board, which is called high Density Interconnection PCB. High-density interconnection board At present, high-end electronic products are generally HDI products.

The via types in PCB design and fabrication

Common drilling holes for PCBs in circuit board factories: through holes, blind holes, and buried holes. The meaning and characteristics of these three holes as following in article.

How to select surface finish between HAL(L.F) and ENIG

Today I'm going to popularize whether PCB board manufacturing should choose immersion gold or HAL(Lead free). If it is relatively simple and the component package is relatively large, we usually recommend customers to make HAL(Lead free) PCB. The advantages of HAL(Lead free) are good solderability, cheaper price, and less susceptible to oxidation than OSP.

What is PCB blind & Buried Vias

Blind & buried via PCB, also known as HDI pcb boards, are often used in high-end products such as mobile phones, GPS navigation, etc. The structure of a conventional multi-layer circuit board is composed of inner and outer circuits, and then used for drilling , And the process of metallization in the hole, to achieve the connection function between the internal layers of the printed circuit boards.

How to calculate PCB assembly cost

How should the price of PCB assembly be calculated? To discuss the PCB assembly price and how to calculate the SMT processing price, we must first fully understand what is smt, understand the SMT process, and the price discussion after the equipment is easier to understand.

How to calculate PCB price

Various factors affecting the price of a PCB board, include: 1. Different materials used in PCB cause price diversity. 2. Different PCB surface treatments cause price diversity. 3. The price diversity caused by the difficulty of PCB itself. 4. Different copper foil thickness causes price diversity. 5. Customer's quality acceptance standard. 6. Mold fee and test fixture. 7. The price difference caused by different payment methods.

How to calculate PCB price

The cost calculation of the PCB industry is the most special and complicated in all industries. From cutting, pressing, forming, to FQC, packaging, and finished storage, it needs to be based on the material cost, labor cost, and manufacturing cost of each process. Perform step-by-step accounting and accumulate costs in batches based on the order product number.

How to make single sided PCB

Single sided PCB or called 1 layer PCB is widely used for consumer electronic, normally it requires large volume in the worldwide market but also requires lower cost, it doesn't require high level of technology to manufacture 1 layer PCB, basically all PCB manufacturers are capable of fabricating 1 layer PCB

The main testing methods after PCB assembly

The technological process of pcb assembly processing is complicated and cumbersome, and problems may occur in each link. To ensure that the product quality is qualified, various types of testing equipment need to be used to detect faults and defects and solve the problems in time. So what are the common detection equipment in processing? What are the functions? The following will organize and introduce them for everyone.

Introduction about Immersion Tin PCB

With the widespread implementation of lead-free PCB soldering and the widespread application of immersion tin board in high reliability board parts, especially automotive boards, the proportion of surface treatment of immersion tin is rising, so a better understanding of the surface treatment of Imm Tin The characteristics are very important to ensure the reliability of the immersion tin PCB.

The methods to judge the quality of PCB

First: We can distinguish the printed circuit board is good or bad from the appearance (in general, the appearance of the PCB circuit board can be analyzed and judged through three aspects; Second: high-quality PCB circuit boards need to meet the following requirements as listed in the article.

What is the factors to cause PCB warpage

Generally, a large area of copper foil is designed on the circuit board for grounding. Sometimes, a large area of copper foil is also designed on the Vcc layer. When these large area copper foils cannot be evenly distributed on the same piece When it is on the circuit board, it will cause the problem of uneven heat absorption and heat dissipation speed. Of course, the circuit board will also expand and contract with heat. If the upper limit of the Tg value has been reached, the circuit board will begin to soften, causing permanent deformation.

The issues with AOI inspection in PCB assembly

In the actual production of the current SMT processing plant, although AOI has higher efficiency than manual visual inspection, after all, the results are obtained through image acquisition and analysis processing, and the related software technology of image analysis processing has not yet reached the level of the human brain. Therefore, in smt patch processing, some special circumstances, such as AOI misjudgment and missed judgment, are inevitable. At present, the main problems of AOI's inspection after smt patching are as instruction in the article.

Suggestions for multilayer PCB design

Multi-layer PCB design suggestions and examples (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12-layer PCB boards) illustrate the PCB design requirements: A. The surface is a complete ground plane (shield); B. There are no adjacent parallel wiring layers; C . All signal layers are as close as possible to the ground plane; D. The key signals are adjacent to the ground layer and do not cross the partition.

Plug vias in PCB manufacturing

When solder mask opening in PCB manufacturing, it is generally stipulated that solder mask ink cannot enter through holes. But plug hole requires solder mask ink to enter the hole. Have questions about this?

The design rules of PCB layout

In the high-speed PCB design process, special components refer to the key components of the high-frequency part, the core components in the circuit, the components that are susceptible to interference, the high-voltage components, the components with large heat, and some components. For heterosexual components, you need to carefully analyze the location of these special components to make the layout meet the circuit function and production requirements. Incorrect placement of them will cause circuit compatibility issues, signal integrity issues, and lead to PCB design failures.

What is flexible printed circuit board

Flexible circuit boards are also called flexible printed circuit boards, or flexible printed circuit boards and flexible boards. According to the definition of IPC, a flexible printed circuit board is a product in which printed circuit patterns are designed and manufactured on a flexible substrate.

The flatness requirement in PCB assembly

In order to ensure the appearance and quality of the circuit board, the PCB assembly on the surface of the circuit board has extremely high requirements for flatness. High flatness, thin lines, and high precision require strict surface defects on the circuit board substrate, especially the substrate flatness More strictly, the warpage of SMB is required to be controlled within 0.5%, while the warpage of non-SMB printed circuit boards is generally required to be 1% to 1.5%. At the same time, SMB also has higher flatness requirements for the metal plating on the pad.

High frequency & RF PCB manufacturer

A-TECH CIRCUITS is a professional PCB manufacturer with High frequency microwave radio frequency PCB board, microstrip circuit board, antenna circuit board, ARLON high frequency PCB, TACOINC high frequency PCB, Rogers high frequency PCB. F4BM high frequency PCB, radio frequency circuit board, power splitter, coupler circuit board.

The requirements of wave soldering for DIP components

The through-hole component wave soldering process requires the through-hole component package to withstand the high temperature and time of the reflow furnace. The following figure is a connector that can be used for through-hole reflow soldering. In addition, there are certain requirements for pin formation . Specific requirements are as follows in article.

The major factors to cause PCB soldering issue

PCB board soldering technology has made great progress in the electronics industry in recent years, and it can be noted that a very obvious trend is the problem of reflow soldering technology. The quality of PCB circuit board soldering is also a matter of close attention of major electronic manufacturers. Let's take a look at the three major factors that constitute PCB board soldering defects!

The manufacturing technology for half hole PCB

With the rapid development of electronic products, high-density multi-function miniaturization has become the development direction. The components on the printed circuit board are increasing in geometric index, but the size of the circuit board is constantly decreasing, and it is often necessary to match some small carrier boards. If the round hole of the small carrier board is soldered to the mother circuit board with solder, due to the large volume of the round hole and the problem of virtual soldering, the child and mother printed circuit boards cannot be well connected electrically, so a metallization half hole PCB.

How to select PCB laminate

There are several types of PCB laminates in PCB industry, the materials for printed circuit board are generally FR-4, high frequency material (CCL), Rogers, High TG FR4, Middle TG FR4, Normal TG FR4, Halogen Free and other laminates.